Free reference
वीज़ीम चीट शीट
A visual guide for artists and researchers working on lipsync: American English phonemes and the visemes they commonly map to.
Phoneme to viseme chart
English consonants. Hover over a sound to see its lip shape. Select it to jump to its photo poses.
In a pair, the voiceless sound is on the left. To hear each phoneme, visit the IPA chart hosted by Cambridge University Press & Assessment.
Chart Key Terms
bilabial: the upper and lower lips come together
labiodental: the lower lip touches or comes close to the upper teeth (the reverse, upper lip to lower teeth, is possible but rare)
dental: the tongue tip touches or comes close to the teeth, either between the upper and lower teeth or behind the upper teeth
alveolar: the tongue tip touches or comes close to the gum ridge just behind the upper teeth (the alveolar ridge)
postalveolar: the tongue makes a narrow passage just behind the alveolar ridge
palatal: the middle of the tongue rises toward the hard palate, the bony center of the roof of the mouth
velar: the back of the tongue touches or comes close to the वेलम (नर तालू)
glottal: the sound is made at the स्वरयंत्रद्वार, the opening between the vocal folds: closing it briefly makes ʔ. For h, the vocal folds are held apart to allow free airflow
labiovelar: two constrictions at once: the lips round while the back of the tongue rises toward the velum, as in w. Neither closes completely, which makes it an approximant (more on approximants)
Before you copy a pose
These are isolated poses. Visemes in natural speech are much more complicated and context-dependent, but being able to observe them in unobstructed form is a helpful first step.
Every viseme varies. Some have fixed requirements (e.g. m/b/p need the lips to close entirely or nearly entirely), but the facial actions fluctuate with individual facial features, coarticulation, emotional context, volume, and other speech-related conditions. More on variability
Consonant poses
Ordered from the lips back to the throat, like the chart. Select a sound to switch the photo.
तटस्थ / मौन
कोई आवाज़ नहीं, आरामदायक
p/b/m
p जैसा कि pबाहर
bilabial, plosive, voiceless
/p/ and /b/ require the lips to part after the initial closure to propel air for the plosive sound, hence the closed and open states.
b जैसा कि bउत्तेजक
ओष्ठ्य, विस्फोटक, ध्वनित
/p/ and /b/ require the lips to part after the initial closure to propel air for the plosive sound, hence the closed and open states.
m जैसा कि mअससेटर
ओष्ठ्य, नासिक्य, ध्वनिसहित
f/v
f जैसा कि fएस्
ओठ-दाँत, घर्षण, निःस्वर
v जैसा कि vदृश्य
ओठ-दाँत, घर्ष्यात्मक, स्वरयुक्त
θ/ð (th)
θ जैसा कि वेंoracic, wreaवें
दंत, घर्षण, निःस्वर
ð as in teeवेंing, mouवेंरही
दंत, घर्षण, स्वरयुक्त
t/d
t जैसा कि tएम्पोरालिस
फुफ्फुसीय, विस्फोटक, निःस्वर
d जैसा कि dईप्रेसर
फुफ्फुसीय, विस्फोटक, ध्वनित
Under most circumstances, ɾ as in butter may be included in this viseme group.
s/z
s जैसा कि sई
पर्णिका, घर्षणध्वनि, निःस्वर
z जैसा कि zयगोमैटिक
अल्वेओलर, घर्ष्यात्मक, ध्वनित
n/l
n जैसा कि nमूल
फुफ्फुसीय, नाकिया, स्वरयुक्त
l जैसा कि lअबायल
फुफ्फुसीय, पार्श्विक, स्वरयुक्त
tʃ/dʒ/ʃ/ʒ
tʃ जैसा कि चमें
postalveolar, affricate, voiceless
dʒ जैसा कि jआह, gईएम
postalveolar, affricate, voiced
ʃ जैसा कि शइन, स्पाटीआईअल
postalveolar, fricative, voiceless
ʒ जैसा कि gएन्रे, मेआsआपका
postalveolar, fricative, voiced
w
w जैसा कि wink
labiovelar, approximant, voiced
Under most circumstances, ɹ at the start of a syllable, as in red, may be included in this viseme group.
k/g
k जैसा कि kरही
तालव्य, व्यंजन, अवाणीय
g जैसा कि gअनुमान
तालव्य, व्यंजन, स्वरयुक्त
Under most circumstances, ŋ as in tongue and ʔ as in uh-oh may be included in this viseme group.
In many circumstances, j as in yawn may also be included in this viseme group.
h
h जैसा कि hइप्पोकेम्पस, hखुश
कंठीय, घर्ष्यात्मक, निर्ध्वन
Vowel poses
मैं (मैं)
जैसा कि ईएल, चईसे, मप्रत्येकt
आई (इ)
जैसा कि l मेंiपी, डब्ल्यूएचiच
ई (एह)
जैसा कि aन्यूयॉर्क, केeपंक्तियाँeवाटर
æ
जैसा कि सी मेंaटी, एफAसीएस, ज़ायगोमaटिकस
ए (आह)
जैसा कि जे मेंaw, cऑस्ट्रेलियाईसे, तकop
This reference doesn’t distinguish between [ɑ] and [ɔ].
ए (उह)
जैसा कि anatomy, nasal, about
उ (ऊह)
जैसा कि p मेंuल्लर, लओओठीक है, धन्यवादओओd
यू (ऊ)
जैसा कि f मेंओओडी, आरयू, मैंओओd
oʊ (oh)
जैसा कि l मेंoवेरर, स्लoडब्ल्यू, एमओएt
ओय
जैसा कि जे मेंओय, का/की/के/कीओय, जेअरेn
The basics
विज़ीम क्या है?
A viseme is a group of phonemes that are visually indistinct from one another. /f/ and /v/ are acoustically distinct, but their observable lip, tongue, and/or jaw configurations are not perceptibly different, so they map to the same viseme.
The word is a portmanteau of “visual” and “phoneme,” coined by क्लेटस जी. फिशर अपने महत्वपूर्ण 1968 के शोध-पत्र में “Confusions among visually perceived consonants.बिंदु।”
“विज़ुअल फोनीम” शब्द को "विज़ीम" में संक्षिप्त किया गया है, और इसका उपयोग किसी भी व्यक्तिगत तथा विरोधाभासी रूप से दृश्य रूप में ग्रहण किए गए इकाई को संदर्भित करने के लिए किया जाएगा।”
ध्वनियों को दृश्य संकेतों से कैसे जोड़ा जाता है?
It’s a murky area in facial animation and research. There is no standardized set of visemes and no standardized method for grouping phonemes, so you will find different mappings everywhere you go.
How you should cluster phonemes depends heavily on your use case. If you want simple speech movements or can’t represent the tongue, you do not have a strong need to differentiate things like /t/ vs. /k/. If you want to get as nuanced as possible and can represent key tongue positions, it would behoove you to consider a more complex grouping system.
How is “viseme” pronounced?
Fisher did not specify, so there is no formal record. You may hear “veye-zeem,” “vih-zeem,” “veye-seem,” “vih-seem,” and others. Personally, I prefer “veye-zeem,” but I’m open to considering arguments against it.
For structured learning and frameworks
Live workshop · March 6, 2027
Lipsync Mechanics
Reading phonemes, building visemes, and judging lipsync. Learn the mechanical requirements for each sound as well as why and how to build them with FACS-based shapes.
Go deeper on speech
More reference guides
How to cite this page
APA
ओज़ेल, एम. (2022, जनवरी)।. वीज़ीम चीट शीट. FACS का सामना करें।. https://melindaozel.com/viseme-cheat-sheet/
BibTeX
@misc{ozel2022viseme, author = {Ozel, Melinda}, title = {विज़ीम चीट शीट}, year = {2022}, month = jan, howpublished = {\url{https://melindaozel.com/viseme-cheat-sheet/}} }