{"id":2198,"date":"2020-03-10T07:36:03","date_gmt":"2020-03-10T14:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/?p=2198"},"modified":"2025-02-21T16:02:34","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21T21:02:34","slug":"big-techs-homogeneous-hiring-habits-are-harming-our-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/sv\/big-techs-homogeneous-hiring-habits-are-harming-our-data\/","title":{"rendered":"Big Techs homogena anst\u00e4llningsvanor skadar v\u00e5r data"},"content":{"rendered":"

I v\u00e5r konsumentfokuserade digitala v\u00e4rld har vi tillverkat ett br\u00e5dskande behov av att f\u00f6rnya och utveckla nya produkter. Med maskininl\u00e4rning som trend och ett st\u00e4ndigt tryck p\u00e5 att agera snabbt och bryta - jag menar \"bygga\" - saker, \u00e4r Big Tech i konstant behov av byggare. Som ett resultat av detta har mjukvaruingenj\u00f6rer blivit en mycket eftertraktad handelsvara, som dominerar antalet anst\u00e4llda och ger upphov till budkrig mellan f\u00f6retag. I takt med att ambitionerna f\u00f6r maskininl\u00e4rning \u00f6kar, \u00f6kar dock \u00e4ven databehoven, vilket g\u00f6r att ingenj\u00f6rscentrerade problem omvandlas till tv\u00e4rvetenskapliga fr\u00e5gor. Projekt som ger upphov till mycket tvetydiga data - som ansiktsuttryck f\u00f6r ansiktssp\u00e5rning - kr\u00e4ver en f\u00f6rst\u00e5else av data som g\u00e5r ut\u00f6ver ingenj\u00f6rens r\u00e4ckvidd; de kr\u00e4ver ett tv\u00e4rvetenskapligt \u00e4ktenskap mellan ingenj\u00f6rsvetenskap och det kompletterande omr\u00e5de som till\u00e4mpas. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r \u00e4r det viktigt att teknikf\u00f6retagen tar ansvar f\u00f6r dataintegriteten genom att l\u00e5ta experter p\u00e5 omr\u00e5det delta i produktutvecklingsprocessen.<\/p>\n

\u00c4ven om det inte h\u00f6r till Big Tech:s kultur att prioritera roller som inte \u00e4r tekniska roller, erk\u00e4nner andra branscher vikten av aktuell expertis inom maskininl\u00e4rning. Bioteknikbranschen \u00e4r till exempel beroende av samarbete mellan b\u00e5de medicinska experter och och<\/em> ingenj\u00f6rer. I det h\u00e4r fallet \u00e4r behovet av samarbete uppenbart, men i mer obskyra specialiseringsomr\u00e5den \u00e4r behovet inte alltid uppenbart. Som tidigare n\u00e4mnts \u00e4r ansiktssp\u00e5rning ett viktigt omr\u00e5de som lider av oklarhet och bristande f\u00f6rst\u00e5else. Vanliga anv\u00e4ndningsomr\u00e5den f\u00f6r ansiktssp\u00e5rning - inklusive ansiktsfilter, uppt\u00e4ckt av funktioner f\u00f6r produktreklam (t.ex. l\u00e4ppdetektering f\u00f6r att testa l\u00e4ppstiftsprodukter eller \u00f6gondetektering f\u00f6r glas\u00f6gon) och avatarer - \u00e4r relativt godartade. Men n\u00e4r man \u00f6verv\u00e4ger mindre \"s\u00f6ta\" anv\u00e4ndningsomr\u00e5den som k\u00e4nslodetektion, beteende\u00f6vervakning och uppt\u00e4ckt av bedr\u00e4geri med till\u00e4mpningar inom straffr\u00e4ttssystemet, f\u00f6rs\u00e4kringssektorn eller cybers\u00e4kerhetsv\u00e4rlden - blir en maskininl\u00e4rningsmodells prestanda omtvistad, och om den g\u00f6rs p\u00e5 fel s\u00e4tt blir den farlig. Det finns redan m\u00e5nga k\u00e4nda problem med tekniken f\u00f6r ansiktsigenk\u00e4nning och dess oreglerade anv\u00e4ndning i olika l\u00e4nder och branscher. Eftersom sp\u00e5rning av ansiktsuttryck inte bara identifierar en person, utan snarare observerar och drar slutsatser om den personens beteende, har den kapacitet att vara mycket mer invasiv.<\/p>\n

Trots den grundl\u00e4ggande betydelsen av uttrycksdata f\u00f6r ansiktssp\u00e5rning misslyckas Big Tech ofta med att prioritera kvaliteten p\u00e5 uttrycksdata. Produktchefer, teknikchefer, anv\u00e4ndarforskare och mjukvaruingenj\u00f6rer f\u00f6rlitar sig ofta p\u00e5 sin egen ytliga f\u00f6rst\u00e5else och ad hoc-s\u00f6kningar i st\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att dra nytta av den djupa f\u00f6rst\u00e5else som en expert kan ge. \u00c4ven om programvaruingenj\u00f6rer \u00e4r m\u00e4stare p\u00e5 att skapa algoritmer har de ofta bara en ytlig kunskap om vad som ing\u00e5r i data. Med tanke p\u00e5 deras h\u00f6ga arbetsbelastning och fokus p\u00e5 sin egen specialkunskap \u00e4r det inte m\u00f6jligt f\u00f6r ingenj\u00f6rer att utveckla ytterligare expertis f\u00f6r att granska subtila uttrycksdata eller beh\u00e4rska komplexa begrepp inom k\u00e4nsloforskning.<\/p>\n

Att best\u00e4mma vilken typ av data som beh\u00f6vs, hur den ska samlas in och hur den ska m\u00e4rkas \u00e4r en k\u00e4nslig process<\/a>. Om du v\u00e4ljer att rikta in dig p\u00e5 fel uppgifter spelar det ingen roll hur v\u00e4l du samlar in eller m\u00e4rker dem. Om du riktar in dig p\u00e5 anv\u00e4ndbara uppgifter men samlar in dem p\u00e5 ett felaktigt s\u00e4tt kommer det ocks\u00e5 att misslyckas. Det kommer att misslyckas \u00e4nnu mer om du inte m\u00e4rker dem exakt och\/eller korrekt. P\u00e5 grund av morfologiska skillnader i ansiktsdrag, inneboende bias i tolkningen av uttryck och kontroverser bland b\u00e5de emotionsforskare och ansiktsanatomer m\u00e5ste alla grupper som utvecklar algoritmer f\u00f6r ansiktssp\u00e5rning med andra syften \u00e4n att prova innan du k\u00f6per l\u00e4ppstift acceptera ansvar och etiskt ansvar f\u00f6r dataintegritet.<\/p>\n

I st\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att se till att algoritmernas byggstenar \u00e4r v\u00e4l f\u00f6rst\u00e5dda av dem som anv\u00e4nder dem, \u00e4r det olyckliga tillst\u00e5ndet f\u00f6r Big Tech att samla in eller f\u00f6rv\u00e4rva stora m\u00e4ngder data och skicka dem vidare till tredje part som utf\u00f6r etiketteringen. Dessa \u00e4r vanligtvis utlokaliserade, kontrakterade och n\u00e4stan alltid underv\u00e4rderade. F\u00f6r att \u00f6vervaka kvaliteten p\u00e5 etiketterna \u00e4r det standard att skapa och uppr\u00e4tth\u00e5lla olika nyckelindikatorer, eller KPI:er, men eftersom Big Tech v\u00e4ljer att inte investera resurser i personer som p\u00e5 ett legitimt s\u00e4tt kan \u00f6vervaka kvaliteten p\u00e5 avancerade uppgifter \u00e4r KPI:erna i allm\u00e4nhet godtyckliga och har liten v\u00e4rde. Om ingenj\u00f6rerna inte \u00e4r ordentligt utrustade med den djupa f\u00f6rst\u00e5else som kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r att identifiera grundl\u00e4ggande sanningar, vad m\u00e4ter de d\u00e5 egentligen? Det finns o\u00f6vervakad inl\u00e4rning. Och sedan finns det o\u00f6vervakad teknik.<\/p>\n

N\u00e4r jag arbetade f\u00f6r ett av de fem st\u00f6rsta f\u00f6retagen i Silicon Valley blev jag st\u00e4ndigt chockad av den nonchalanta inst\u00e4llning som r\u00e5dde n\u00e4r det g\u00e4llde komplexa uppgifter om ansiktssp\u00e5rning. \u00c4ven om mina kollegor var ledande inom algoritmutveckling hade de en ytlig f\u00f6rst\u00e5else f\u00f6r ansiktets anatomi, centrala k\u00e4nslokoncept och uttrycksbeteende. Precis som i alla andra h\u00f6gspecialiserade \u00e4mnen kr\u00e4vs det \u00e5ratal av intensiva studier och erfarenhet f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 nyanserna i det m\u00e4nskliga uttrycket. Trots att jag var den inhemska experten p\u00e5 ansiktsuttryck och hade \u00e4gnat mitt liv och min karri\u00e4r \u00e5t att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 nyanserna i det m\u00e4nskliga ansiktet, blev jag regelbundet utesluten fr\u00e5n viktiga m\u00f6ten och planeringssessioner. Jag s\u00e5g ofta medarbetare som slumpm\u00e4ssigt letade igenom f\u00f6r\u00e5ldrade och felaktiga referenssidor om uttryck (som jag f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande h\u00e5ller p\u00e5 att tillhandah\u00e5lla nya l\u00f6sningar f\u00f6r h\u00e4r<\/a>) f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rs\u00f6ka f\u00e5 ihop en plan f\u00f6r en dataledning. Min expertis f\u00f6rpassades ofta till en \u00f6vervakande roll, och min kompetens missbrukades p\u00e5 irrelevanta uppgifter som att klassificera sk\u00e4ggtyper och h\u00e5rf\u00e4rg. N\u00e4r jag uppt\u00e4ckte trender i inkonsekvenser i data eller f\u00f6ruts\u00e5g h\u00e5rdvaruproblem sattes jag ner och erbj\u00f6ds en lektion i \"hur maskininl\u00e4rning fungerar\".<\/p>\n

Jag ser m\u00e5nga jobbannonser d\u00e4r man beg\u00e4r X \u00e5rs erfarenhet av ansiktssp\u00e5rning, men det r\u00e4cker inte att beg\u00e4ra relaterad erfarenhet. P\u00e5 samma s\u00e4tt som en ingenj\u00f6rs tidigare arbete inom medicinsk teknik inte kvalificerar honom eller henne till att bli l\u00e4kare, kvalificerar det faktum att han eller hon har arbetat med sp\u00e5rningsteknik inte en ingenj\u00f6r till att vara en auktoritet n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller ansiktsuttryck eller k\u00e4nslor. Om man i h\u00f6gre grad fokuserade p\u00e5 att anst\u00e4lla l\u00e4mpliga experter skulle kanske kampen f\u00f6r att hitta ingenj\u00f6rer med s\u00e4llsynta och specifika erfarenheter lindras; en s\u00e5dan lindring skulle kunna ge utrymme f\u00f6r ett mer innovativt samarbete mellan ingenj\u00f6rsyrket och de kompletterande discipliner som det kan paras ihop med.<\/p>\n

Big Tech:s tunnelseende fokus p\u00e5 teknik \u00e4r en v\u00e5rdsl\u00f6s vana som m\u00e5ste f\u00f6r\u00e4ndras. Programvaruingenj\u00f6rer \u00e4r visserligen viktiga f\u00f6r maskininl\u00e4rningsprocessen, men maskininl\u00e4rningsambitionerna har f\u00f6rt oss till en punkt d\u00e4r vi m\u00e5ste erk\u00e4nna behovet av tv\u00e4rvetenskapliga \u00e5tg\u00e4rder. Data f\u00f6r system som \u00e4r beroende av nyanser b\u00f6r inte tas l\u00e4ttvindigt - s\u00e4rskilt inte n\u00e4r de bl\u00f6der potential f\u00f6r invasiva anv\u00e4ndningsfall. Om f\u00f6retagen v\u00e4rderade expertis inom datafr\u00e5gan med samma v\u00f6rdnad och st\u00f6d som de g\u00f6r med teknisk expertis, skulle algoritmerna.\u00a0och\u00a0<\/em>de uppgifter som de bygger p\u00e5 skulle vara mer omfattande och mindre felbara. Avsaknaden av holistiska datasystem kommer att ge oss oreglerade produkter som \u00e4r k\u00e4nsliga f\u00f6r f\u00f6rdomar. En obalans i investeringarna som \u00e4r inriktade p\u00e5 algoritmer och inte p\u00e5 datakvalitet kommer att leda till sl\u00f6seri med tekniska insatser, bristf\u00e4lliga produkter och spridning av oetisk teknik.<\/p>\n

L\u00e4gg inte alla dina anst\u00e4llda i samma korg. Anst\u00e4ll ansvarsfullt.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I takt med att ambitionerna f\u00f6r maskininl\u00e4rning \u00f6kar, \u00f6kar ocks\u00e5 databehoven, vilket g\u00f6r att ingenj\u00f6rscentrerade problem omvandlas till tv\u00e4rvetenskapliga fr\u00e5gor.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":60486633,"featured_media":2199,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[676756913,676756994,676756915,676756914,676757008,676756993],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-action-units","category-ar-vr","category-facial-expressions","category-muscles","category-free","category-tech","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"\nBig Tech's Homogeneous Hiring Habits Are Harming Our Data - Face the FACS | Facial Expressions in Animation, AI, & Behavior<\/title>\n<meta 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