{"id":6269,"date":"2022-01-24T14:46:02","date_gmt":"2022-01-24T19:46:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/?page_id=6269"},"modified":"2026-11-02T23:56:21","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T04:56:21","slug":"viseme-cheat-sheet","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/fr\/viseme-cheat-sheet\/","title":{"rendered":"L'antis\u00e8che Viseme"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group ftf ftf-vcs\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<style>\n\/* Viseme Cheat Sheet. Everything is scoped to .ftf-vcs; fonts, colors, and buttons come from the site styles. *\/\n.ftf-vcs { --vcs-ipa: system-ui, -apple-system, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, \"Noto Sans\", Arial, sans-serif; --vcs-mute: #3B3B8F; background: var(--ftf-l1); padding: clamp(32px, 5vw, 56px) 0 96px; }\n.ftf-vcs p:empty { display: none; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-wrap { max-width: 1240px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; }\n.ftf-vcs button { font-family: inherit; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.2; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0; font-weight: 700; }\n.ftf-vcs button:focus-visible, .ftf-vcs summary:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--ftf-navy); outline-offset: 2px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-eyebrow { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--vcs-mute); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-intro { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.55; max-width: 760px; color: var(--vcs-mute); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-small { font-size: 14.5px; color: var(--vcs-mute); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-small a { font-weight: 600; }\n\n\/* Header *\/\n.vcs-hero { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; max-width: 860px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(44px, 6vw, 64px); line-height: 1; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-lede { font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--ftf-ink); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-meta { font-size: 14px; color: var(--vcs-mute); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-meta a { font-weight: 700; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-meta span { margin: 0 6px; }\n\n\/* Jump chips, sticky while scrolling *\/\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-jump { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 20; background: var(--ftf-l1); padding: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ftf-l3); display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-jump a.vcs-jumpchip { flex: none; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 999px; background: var(--ftf-l2); border: 1.5px solid var(--ftf-l3); color: var(--ftf-navy); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-jump a.vcs-jumpchip:hover { background: var(--ftf-l3); }\n\n\/* Sections *\/\n.vcs-section { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px; scroll-margin-top: 72px; padding-top: 24px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-section h2, .ftf-vcs .vcs-care h2 { font-size: clamp(30px, 3.4vw, 38px); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-subhead { font-size: 24px; padding-top: 12px; }\n\n\/* Chart: hover a sound and its lip shape fills that same box *\/\n.vcs-scroll { background: #FFFFFF; border: 2px solid var(--ftf-l3); border-radius: 18px; overflow-x: auto; }\n.vcs-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 136px repeat(8, minmax(84px, 1fr)); min-width: 820px; }\n.vcs-h { background: var(--ftf-navy); color: #FFFFFF; padding: 10px 4px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-align: center; }\n.vcs-r { position: sticky; left: 0; z-index: 2; background: var(--ftf-l2); border-top: 1.5px solid var(--ftf-l3); padding: 8px 12px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--ftf-navy); display: flex; align-items: center; line-height: 1.25; }\n.vcs-c { position: relative; border-top: 1.5px solid var(--ftf-l3); border-left: 1.5px solid var(--ftf-l2); padding: 6px 4px; height: 100px; display: flex; gap: 6px; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.ftf-vcs a.vcs-snd { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-width: 40px; min-height: 44px; padding: 0 6px; border-radius: 10px; border: 2px solid var(--ftf-l3); background: #FFFFFF; color: var(--ftf-navy); font-family: var(--vcs-ipa); font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1; text-decoration: none; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-cimg { position: absolute; top: 3px; right: 3px; bottom: 3px; left: 3px; z-index: 1; display: flex; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; background: var(--ftf-l2); opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; transition: opacity .12s ease; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-cimg img { flex: 1 1 0; min-width: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-c.has-snd:hover .vcs-cimg, .ftf-vcs .vcs-c.has-snd:focus-within .vcs-cimg { opacity: 1; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-c.has-snd:hover { cursor: pointer; }\n.vcs-big { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-d { font-size: 14px; color: var(--vcs-mute); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-ipa, .ftf-vcs .vcs-mates { font-family: var(--vcs-ipa); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-terms { background: #FFFFFF; border: 2px solid var(--ftf-l3); border-radius: 14px; padding: 12px 16px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-terms summary { font-weight: 700; color: var(--ftf-navy); font-size: 15.5px; cursor: pointer; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-terms[open] summary { margin-bottom: 10px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-terms p { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0 0 8px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-terms strong { color: var(--ftf-navy); }\n\n\/* Before you copy a pose *\/\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-care { background: var(--ftf-l2); border-radius: 20px; padding: 22px 24px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 12px 40px; }\n@media (max-width: 700px) { .ftf-vcs .vcs-care { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); } }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-care h2 { grid-column: 1 \/ -1; font-size: 26px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-care p { font-size: 15.5px; line-height: 1.55; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-care a { font-weight: 600; }\n\n\/* Pose cards *\/\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(min(270px, 100%), 1fr)); gap: 16px; align-items: start; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-card { background: #FFFFFF; border: 2px solid var(--ftf-l3); border-radius: 18px; padding: 14px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; scroll-margin-top: 72px; margin: 0; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-card:target { border-color: var(--ftf-navy); box-shadow: 5px 5px 0 var(--ftf-l4); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-card__title { margin: 0; font-family: var(--vcs-ipa); font-weight: 700; font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.25; color: var(--ftf-navy); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-panel { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-panel[hidden] { display: none; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-frame figure { margin: 0; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-frame figure[hidden] { display: none; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-frame img { width: 100%; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 16 \/ 9; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 12px; background: var(--ftf-l2); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-frame figcaption { margin: 4px 0 8px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--vcs-mute); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-frame.is-live figcaption { display: none; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-ex { font-size: 15.5px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-panel .vcs-d { margin-top: -4px; font-size: 14px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-note { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5; background: var(--ftf-l1); border-radius: 10px; padding: 8px 12px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-pills { display: flex; gap: 6px; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-sw, .ftf-vcs .vcs-sw:focus { min-width: 44px; min-height: 44px; padding: 0 8px; border-radius: 10px; border: 2px solid var(--ftf-l3); background: #FFFFFF; color: var(--ftf-navy); font-family: var(--vcs-ipa); font-size: 18px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-sw:hover { background: #FFFFFF; color: var(--ftf-navy); border-color: var(--ftf-navy); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-st, .ftf-vcs .vcs-st:focus { min-height: 40px; padding: 0 14px; border-radius: 999px; border: 1.5px solid var(--ftf-l4); background: #FFFFFF; color: var(--ftf-navy); font-size: 13.5px; font-weight: 600; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-st:hover { background: var(--ftf-l2); color: var(--ftf-navy); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-sw[aria-pressed=\"true\"], .ftf-vcs .vcs-st[aria-pressed=\"true\"] { background: var(--ftf-lime); border-color: var(--ftf-navy); color: var(--ftf-navy); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-also { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--vcs-mute); background: var(--ftf-l1); border-radius: 10px; padding: 8px 12px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-also strong, .ftf-vcs .vcs-also b { color: var(--ftf-navy); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-links a.vcs-chip { display: inline-flex; padding: 4px 10px; border-radius: 999px; border: 1.5px solid var(--ftf-l4); background: #FFFFFF; font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.35; color: var(--ftf-navy); text-decoration: none; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-links a.vcs-chip:hover { background: var(--ftf-lime); }\n\n\/* The basics *\/\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-basics { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(320px, 100%), 1fr)); gap: 16px; align-items: start; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-basic { background: #FFFFFF; border: 2px solid var(--ftf-l3); border-radius: 18px; padding: 20px 22px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; margin: 0; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-basic h3 { font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.15; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-basic p { font-size: 15.5px; line-height: 1.55; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-basic__img { margin: 0; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-basic__img img { max-width: 300px; width: 100%; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-basic blockquote { margin: 0; padding: 10px 14px; background: var(--ftf-l1); border: 0; border-radius: 10px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-basic blockquote p { font-style: italic; font-size: 15.5px; }\n\n\/* Course and related links *\/\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-course { max-width: 860px; background: var(--ftf-navy); border-radius: 20px; padding: clamp(20px, 3vw, 28px); display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; box-shadow: 6px 6px 0 var(--ftf-l4); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-course .vcs-course__kicker { font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ftf-lime); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-course h3 { font-size: 30px; color: var(--ftf-lime); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-course .vcs-course__text { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.55; color: var(--ftf-l1); max-width: 640px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-course .wp-block-buttons { padding-top: 6px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-refs { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(210px, 1fr)); gap: 14px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-refs--3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }\n@media (max-width: 700px) { .ftf-vcs .vcs-refs--3 { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); } }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-ref { background: #FFFFFF; border: 2px solid var(--ftf-l3); border-radius: 16px; padding: 14px 16px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-ref__title { font-family: var(--ftf-display); font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.15; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-ref__title a { text-decoration: none; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-ref__title a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-ref__text { font-size: 14.5px; line-height: 1.5; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-ref__tag { margin-top: auto; padding-top: 4px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--vcs-mute); }\n\n\/* Cite *\/\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-cite { max-width: 860px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-citebox { background: #FFFFFF; border: 2px solid var(--ftf-l3); border-radius: 18px; padding: 18px 20px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-citelabel { font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--vcs-mute); }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-citetext { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.55; overflow-wrap: anywhere; margin-bottom: 6px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-bib { margin: 0 0 6px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; background: var(--ftf-l1); border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; overflow-x: auto; white-space: pre; color: var(--ftf-ink); font-family: ui-monospace, Menlo, Consolas, monospace; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-citebtns { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-copy { font: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; padding: 6px 14px; border-radius: 999px; border: 2px solid var(--ftf-navy); background: #FFFFFF; color: var(--ftf-navy); cursor: pointer; }\n.ftf-vcs .vcs-copy:hover { background: var(--ftf-lime); }\n\n@media (max-width: 559px) { .ftf-vcs .vcs-jump { flex-wrap: nowrap; overflow-x: auto; scrollbar-width: none; } }\n\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group ftf-wrap vcs-wrap\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-hero\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"vcs-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\">Free reference<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"h-viseme-cheat-sheet\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Viseme Cheat Sheet<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-lede wp-block-paragraph\">A visual guide for artists and researchers working on lipsync: American English phonemes and the visemes they commonly map to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-meta wp-block-paragraph\">By <a href=\"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/who-is-melinda-ozel\/\">Melinda Ozel<\/a> <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span> Updated November 2026 <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span> <a href=\"#cite\">How to cite<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<nav class=\"vcs-jump\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><a class=\"vcs-jumpchip\" href=\"#chart\">Phoneme chart<\/a><a class=\"vcs-jumpchip\" href=\"#consonants\">Consonant poses<\/a><a class=\"vcs-jumpchip\" href=\"#vowels\">Vowel poses<\/a><a class=\"vcs-jumpchip\" href=\"#basics\">What is a viseme?<\/a><a class=\"vcs-jumpchip\" href=\"#deeper\">Go deeper<\/a><\/nav>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"chart\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-section\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 id=\"h-phoneme-to-viseme-chart\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Phoneme to viseme chart<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-intro wp-block-paragraph\">English consonants. Hover over a sound to see its lip shape. Select it to jump to its photo poses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"vcs-scroll\"><div class=\"vcs-grid\"><div class=\"vcs-h\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-h\">Bilabial<\/div><div class=\"vcs-h\">Labiodental<\/div><div class=\"vcs-h\">Dental<\/div><div class=\"vcs-h\">Alveolar<\/div><div class=\"vcs-h\">Postalveolar<\/div><div class=\"vcs-h\">Palatal<\/div><div class=\"vcs-h\">Velar<\/div><div class=\"vcs-h\">Glottal<\/div><div class=\"vcs-r\">Plosive<\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"p, bilabial, plosive, voiceless: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-pbm\">p<\/a><a aria-label=\"b, bilabial, plosive, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-pbm\">b<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pbm-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"t, alveolar, plosive, voiceless: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-td\">t<\/a><a aria-label=\"d, alveolar, plosive, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-td\">d<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/td-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"k, velar, plosive, voiceless: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-kg\">k<\/a><a aria-label=\"g, velar, plosive, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-kg\">g<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kg-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"\u0294, glottal, plosive, voiceless: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-kg\">\u0294<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kg-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-r\">Nasal<\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"m, bilabial, nasal, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-pbm\">m<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pbm-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"n, alveolar, nasal, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-nl\">n<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nl-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"\u014b, velar, nasal, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-kg\">\u014b<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kg-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-r\">Tap or Flap<\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"\u027e, alveolar, tap or flap, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-td\">\u027e<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/td-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-r\">Affricate<\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"t\u0283, postalveolar, affricate, voiceless: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-ch\">t\u0283<\/a><a aria-label=\"d\u0292, postalveolar, affricate, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-ch\">d\u0292<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/chsh-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-r\">Fricative<\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"f, labiodental, fricative, voiceless: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-fv\">f<\/a><a aria-label=\"v, labiodental, fricative, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-fv\">v<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/fv-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"\u03b8, dental, fricative, voiceless: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-th\">\u03b8<\/a><a aria-label=\"\u00f0, dental, fricative, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-th\">\u00f0<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/th-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"s, alveolar, fricative, voiceless: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-sz\">s<\/a><a aria-label=\"z, alveolar, fricative, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-sz\">z<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/sz-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"\u0283, postalveolar, fricative, voiceless: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-ch\">\u0283<\/a><a aria-label=\"\u0292, postalveolar, fricative, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-ch\">\u0292<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/chsh-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"h, glottal, fricative, voiceless: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-h\">h<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kg-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-r\">Approximant<\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"w, labiovelar, approximant, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-rw\">w<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/wroo-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"\u0279, alveolar, approximant, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-rw\">\u0279<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/wroo-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"j, palatal, approximant, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-kg\">j<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/kg-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"w, labiovelar, approximant, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-rw\">(w)<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/wroo-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-r\">Lateral Approximant<\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c has-snd\"><a aria-label=\"l, alveolar, lateral, voiced: see the photo poses\" class=\"vcs-snd\" href=\"#g-nl\">l<\/a><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vcs-cimg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"520\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nl-34-viseme-references-for-animators.jpg?resize=693%2C520&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"693\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><div class=\"vcs-c\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-small wp-block-paragraph\">In a pair, the voiceless sound is on the left. To hear each phoneme, visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/features\/IPAchart\/\">IPA chart hosted by Cambridge University Press &amp; Assessment<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details vcs-terms is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Chart Key Terms<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>bilabial:<\/strong> the upper and lower lips come together<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>labiodental:<\/strong> the lower lip touches or comes close to the upper teeth (the reverse, upper lip to lower teeth, is possible but rare)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>dental:<\/strong> the tongue tip touches or comes close to the teeth, either between the upper and lower teeth or behind the upper teeth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>alveolar:<\/strong> the tongue tip touches or comes close to the gum ridge just behind the upper teeth (the alveolar ridge)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>postalveolar:<\/strong> the tongue makes a narrow passage just behind the alveolar ridge<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>palatal:<\/strong> the middle of the tongue rises toward the hard palate, the bony center of the roof of the mouth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>velar:<\/strong> the back of the tongue touches or comes close to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/326894#soft-vs-hard-palate\">velum (soft palate)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>glottal:<\/strong> the sound is made at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/glottis\">glottis<\/a>, the opening between the vocal folds: closing it briefly makes \u0294. For h, the vocal folds are held apart to allow free airflow<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>labiovelar:<\/strong> two constrictions at once: the lips round while the back of the tongue rises toward the velum, as in w. Neither closes completely, which makes it an approximant (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Approximant\">more on approximants<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-group vcs-care\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 id=\"h-before-you-copy-a-pose\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Before you copy a pose<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>These are isolated poses.<\/b> Visemes in natural speech are much more complicated and context-dependent, but being able to observe them in unobstructed form is a helpful first step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Every viseme varies.<\/b> Some have fixed requirements (e.g. m\/b\/p need the lips to close entirely or nearly entirely), but the facial actions fluctuate with individual facial features, coarticulation, emotional context, volume, and other speech-related conditions. <a href=\"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/viseme-variability-gritted-teeth-muted-speech\/\">More on variability<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"consonants\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-section\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 id=\"h-consonant-poses\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Consonant poses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-intro wp-block-paragraph\">Ordered from the lips back to the throat, like the chart. Select a sound to switch the photo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-cards\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<article id=\"g-sil\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-neutral-silent\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">neutral \/ silent<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/neutral-face-2.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"neutral \/ sil\" class=\"wp-image-6278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/neutral-face-2.jpg?w=1994&amp;ssl=1 1994w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/neutral-face-2.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/neutral-face-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/neutral-face-2.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/neutral-face-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/neutral-face-2.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/neutral-face-2.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/neutral-face-2.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\">no sound, relaxed<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-pbm\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-p-b-m\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">p\/b\/m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame vcs-frame--states\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"P viseme reference, closed lips\" class=\"wp-image-6276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?w=1987&amp;ssl=1 1987w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">closed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"P viseme reference, open lips\" class=\"wp-image-6275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?w=1993&amp;ssl=1 1993w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=1320%2C742&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">open<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">p<\/b> as in <b>p<\/b>out<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">bilabial, plosive, voiceless<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-note wp-block-paragraph\">\/p\/ and \/b\/ require the lips to part after the initial closure to propel air for the plosive sound, hence the closed and open states.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame vcs-frame--states\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"B viseme reference, closed lips\" class=\"wp-image-6274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?w=1997&amp;ssl=1 1997w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=1320%2C742&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">closed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"B viseme reference, open lips\" class=\"wp-image-6273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?w=1953&amp;ssl=1 1953w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/b-viseme-reference-open-lips.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">open<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">b<\/b> as in <b>b<\/b>uccinator<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">bilabial, plosive, voiced<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-note wp-block-paragraph\">\/p\/ and \/b\/ require the lips to part after the initial closure to propel air for the plosive sound, hence the closed and open states.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/m-viseme-phoneme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"M viseme reference, closed lips\" class=\"wp-image-6288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/m-viseme-phoneme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?w=1992&amp;ssl=1 1992w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/m-viseme-phoneme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/m-viseme-phoneme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/m-viseme-phoneme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/m-viseme-phoneme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/m-viseme-phoneme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/m-viseme-phoneme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=888%2C500&amp;ssl=1 888w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/m-viseme-phoneme-reference-closed-lips.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">m<\/b> as in <b>m<\/b>asseter<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">bilabial, nasal, voiced<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-links wp-block-paragraph\"><a class=\"vcs-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/m-b-p-bilabial-visemes\/\">m\/b\/p shape &amp; asymmetry \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-fv\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-f-v\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">f\/v<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/f-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"F viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/f-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?w=2003&amp;ssl=1 2003w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/f-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/f-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/f-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/f-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/f-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/f-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/f-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">f<\/b> as in <b>f<\/b>ace<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">labiodental, fricative, voiceless<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/v-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"V viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/v-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?w=1972&amp;ssl=1 1972w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/v-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/v-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/v-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/v-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/v-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/v-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/v-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C742&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">v<\/b> as in <b>v<\/b>isual<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">labiodental, fricative, voiced<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-th\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-\u03b8-d-th\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">\u03b8\/\u00f0 (th)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"TH viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?w=1841&amp;ssl=1 1841w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">\u03b8<\/b> as in <b>th<\/b>oracic, wrea<b>th<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">dental, fricative, voiceless<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"TH viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?w=1841&amp;ssl=1 1841w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/th-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">\u00f0<\/b> as in tee<b>th<\/b>ing, mou<b>th<\/b>ing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">dental, fricative, voiced<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-td\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-t-d\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">t\/d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/t-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"T viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/t-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?w=1857&amp;ssl=1 1857w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/t-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/t-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/t-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/t-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/t-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/t-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/t-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">t<\/b> as in <b>t<\/b>emporalis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">alveolar, plosive, voiceless<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/d-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"D viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/d-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?w=1811&amp;ssl=1 1811w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/d-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/d-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/d-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/d-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/d-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/d-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/d-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">d<\/b> as in <b>d<\/b>epressor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">alveolar, plosive, voiced<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-also wp-block-paragraph\">Under most circumstances, <b class=\"vcs-ipa\">\u027e<\/b> as in butter may be included in this viseme group.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-sz\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-s-z\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">s\/z<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"S viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-viseme-reference.jpg?w=1832&amp;ssl=1 1832w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=888%2C500&amp;ssl=1 888w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/s-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">s<\/b> as in <b>s<\/b>ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">alveolar, fricative, voiceless<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/z-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Z viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/z-viseme-reference.jpg?w=1817&amp;ssl=1 1817w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/z-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/z-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/z-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/z-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/z-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/z-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/z-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C742&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">z<\/b> as in <b>z<\/b>ygomatic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">alveolar, fricative, voiced<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-nl\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-n-l\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">n\/l<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/N-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"N viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/N-viseme-reference.jpg?w=1880&amp;ssl=1 1880w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/N-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/N-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/N-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/N-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/N-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/N-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=888%2C500&amp;ssl=1 888w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/N-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">n<\/b> as in <b>n<\/b>asal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">alveolar, nasal, voiced<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/L-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"L viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/L-viseme-reference.jpg?w=1841&amp;ssl=1 1841w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/L-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/L-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/L-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/L-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/L-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/L-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/L-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">l<\/b> as in <b>l<\/b>abial<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">alveolar, lateral, voiced<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-ch\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-t\u0283-d\u0292-\u0283-\u0292\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">t\u0283\/d\u0292\/\u0283\/\u0292<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ch-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"CH viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ch-viseme-phoneme.jpg?w=1850&amp;ssl=1 1850w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ch-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ch-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ch-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ch-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=1536%2C863&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ch-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ch-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ch-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=1320%2C742&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">t\u0283<\/b> as in <b>ch<\/b>in<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">postalveolar, affricate, voiceless<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/zj-viseme-phoneme-referencee.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"J viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/zj-viseme-phoneme-referencee.jpg?w=1868&amp;ssl=1 1868w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/zj-viseme-phoneme-referencee.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/zj-viseme-phoneme-referencee.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/zj-viseme-phoneme-referencee.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/zj-viseme-phoneme-referencee.jpg?resize=1536%2C863&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/zj-viseme-phoneme-referencee.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/zj-viseme-phoneme-referencee.jpg?resize=890%2C500&amp;ssl=1 890w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/zj-viseme-phoneme-referencee.jpg?resize=1320%2C742&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">d\u0292<\/b> as in <b>j<\/b>aw, <b>g<\/b>em<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">postalveolar, affricate, voiced<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"674\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=1200%2C674&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"SH viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?w=1870&amp;ssl=1 1870w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=1536%2C863&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=890%2C500&amp;ssl=1 890w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=1320%2C742&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">\u0283<\/b> as in <b>sh<\/b>ine, spa<b>ti<\/b>al<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">postalveolar, fricative, voiceless<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"674\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=1200%2C674&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"SH viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?w=1870&amp;ssl=1 1870w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=1536%2C863&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=890%2C500&amp;ssl=1 890w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sh-viseme-phoneme.jpg?resize=1320%2C742&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">\u0292<\/b> as in <b>g<\/b>enre, mea<b>s<\/b>ure<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">postalveolar, fricative, voiced<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-rw\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-w\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">w<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/R-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C676&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"w viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6349\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/R-viseme-reference.jpg?w=1882&amp;ssl=1 1882w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/R-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/R-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C577&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/R-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C433&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/R-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C865&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/R-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/R-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=888%2C500&amp;ssl=1 888w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/R-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">w<\/b> as in <b>w<\/b>ink<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">labiovelar, approximant, voiced<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-also wp-block-paragraph\">Under most circumstances, <b class=\"vcs-ipa\">\u0279<\/b> at the start of a syllable, as in red, may be included in this viseme group.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-kg\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-k-g\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">k\/g<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"674\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/k-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C674&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"K viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/k-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?w=1886&amp;ssl=1 1886w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/k-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/k-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/k-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/k-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C863&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/k-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/k-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=890%2C500&amp;ssl=1 890w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/k-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C742&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">k<\/b> as in <b>k<\/b>ing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">velar, plosive, voiceless<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/g-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"G viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/g-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?w=1853&amp;ssl=1 1853w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/g-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/g-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/g-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/g-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/g-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/g-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/g-viseme-phoneme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C742&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">g<\/b> as in <b>g<\/b>uess<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">velar, plosive, voiced<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-also wp-block-paragraph\">Under most circumstances, <b class=\"vcs-ipa\">\u014b<\/b> as in tongue and <b class=\"vcs-ipa\">\u0294<\/b> as in uh-oh may be included in this viseme group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-also wp-block-paragraph\">In many circumstances, <b class=\"vcs-ipa\">j<\/b> as in yawn may also be included in this viseme group.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-h\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-h\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">h<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/voiceless-h-sound-viseme.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"h viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6597\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/voiceless-h-sound-viseme.jpg?w=2080&amp;ssl=1 2080w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/voiceless-h-sound-viseme.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/voiceless-h-sound-viseme.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/voiceless-h-sound-viseme.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/voiceless-h-sound-viseme.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/voiceless-h-sound-viseme.jpg?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/voiceless-h-sound-viseme.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/voiceless-h-sound-viseme.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/voiceless-h-sound-viseme.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\"><b class=\"vcs-ipa\">h<\/b> as in <b>h<\/b>ippocampus, <b>h<\/b>appy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-d wp-block-paragraph\">glottal, fricative, voiceless<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"vowels\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-section\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 id=\"h-vowel-poses\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vowel poses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-cards\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<article id=\"g-i\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-i-ee\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">i (ee)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ee-viseme.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"ee viseme\" class=\"wp-image-6501\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ee-viseme.jpg?w=2385&amp;ssl=1 2385w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ee-viseme.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ee-viseme.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ee-viseme.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ee-viseme.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ee-viseme.jpg?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ee-viseme.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ee-viseme.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ee-viseme.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\">as in <b>ee<\/b>l, ch<b>ee<\/b>se, m<b>ea<\/b>t<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-ih\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-\u026a-ih\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">\u026a (ih)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ih-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u026a viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6481\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ih-viseme-reference.jpg?w=2362&amp;ssl=1 2362w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ih-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ih-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ih-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ih-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ih-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=2048%2C1151&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ih-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ih-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ih-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C742&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\">as in l<b>i<\/b>p, wh<b>i<\/b>ch<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-eh\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-\u025b-eh\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">\u025b (eh)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eh-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u025b viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eh-viseme-reference.jpg?w=2302&amp;ssl=1 2302w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eh-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eh-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eh-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eh-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eh-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eh-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eh-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eh-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\">as in <b>a<\/b>ny, k<b>e<\/b>pt, l<b>e<\/b>vator<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-ae\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-ae\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">\u00e6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/ae-phoneme-cat.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u00e6 phoneme\" class=\"wp-image-6550\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/ae-phoneme-cat.jpg?w=2080&amp;ssl=1 2080w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/ae-phoneme-cat.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/ae-phoneme-cat.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/ae-phoneme-cat.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/ae-phoneme-cat.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/ae-phoneme-cat.jpg?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/ae-phoneme-cat.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/ae-phoneme-cat.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/ae-phoneme-cat.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\">as in c<b>a<\/b>t, F<b>A<\/b>CS, zygom<b>a<\/b>ticus<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-ah\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-\u0251-ah\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">\u0251 (ah)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ah-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u0251 viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ah-viseme-reference.jpg?w=2169&amp;ssl=1 2169w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ah-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ah-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ah-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ah-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ah-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ah-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ah-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ah-viseme-reference.jpg?resize=1320%2C742&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\">as in j<b>a<\/b>w, c<b>au<\/b>se, st<b>o<\/b>p<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-note wp-block-paragraph\">This reference doesn&#8217;t distinguish between [\u0251] and [\u0254].<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-uh\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-\u0259-uh\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">\u0259 (uh)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/%C9%99-uh-phoneme-viseme-1.jpg?w=1200&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u0259 viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6573\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\">as in <b>a<\/b>natomy, nas<b>a<\/b>l, <b>a<\/b>bout<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-ou\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-\u028a-ouh\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">\u028a (ouh)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ou-book-viseme.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u028a viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6502\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ou-book-viseme.jpg?w=2385&amp;ssl=1 2385w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ou-book-viseme.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ou-book-viseme.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ou-book-viseme.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ou-book-viseme.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ou-book-viseme.jpg?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ou-book-viseme.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ou-book-viseme.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/ou-book-viseme.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\">as in p<b>u<\/b>ller, l<b>oo<\/b>k, g<b>oo<\/b>d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-oo\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-u-oo\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">u (oo)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/oo-viseme.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"u viseme reference\" class=\"wp-image-6503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/oo-viseme.jpg?w=2385&amp;ssl=1 2385w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/oo-viseme.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/oo-viseme.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/oo-viseme.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/oo-viseme.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/oo-viseme.jpg?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/oo-viseme.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/oo-viseme.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/oo-viseme.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\">as in f<b>oo<\/b>d, r<b>ue<\/b>, m<b>oo<\/b>d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-oh\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-o\u028a-oh\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">o\u028a (oh)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame vcs-frame--states\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-1.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"o diphthong, part 1\" class=\"wp-image-6487\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-1.jpg?w=2385&amp;ssl=1 2385w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-1.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-1.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-1.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-1.jpg?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-1.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-1.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-1.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">part 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-2.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"o diphthong, part 2\" class=\"wp-image-6488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-2.jpg?w=2385&amp;ssl=1 2385w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-2.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-2.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-2.jpg?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-2.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-2.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/o-diphthong-part-2.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">part 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\">as in l<b>o<\/b>werer, sl<b>o<\/b>w, m<b>oa<\/b>t<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article id=\"g-oy\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-card\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-\u0254\u026a-oy\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-card__title\">\u0254\u026a (oy)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-panel\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-frame vcs-frame--states\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-o-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u0254\u026a viseme reference, o sound\" class=\"wp-image-6586\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-o-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?w=2080&amp;ssl=1 2080w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-o-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-o-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-o-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-o-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-o-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-o-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-o-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-o-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">o sound<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-y-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u0254\u026a viseme reference, y sound\" class=\"wp-image-6585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-y-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?w=2080&amp;ssl=1 2080w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-y-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-y-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-y-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-y-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-y-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-y-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-y-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=889%2C500&amp;ssl=1 889w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/oy-y-sound-phoneme-diphthong.jpg?resize=1320%2C743&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">y sound<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ex wp-block-paragraph\">as in j<b>oy<\/b>, s<b>oy<\/b>, j<b>oi<\/b>n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/article>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"basics\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-section\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 id=\"h-the-basics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The basics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-basics\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<article class=\"wp-block-group vcs-basic\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-what-is-a-viseme\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is a viseme?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A viseme is a group of phonemes that are visually indistinct from one another. \/f\/ and \/v\/ are acoustically distinct, but their observable lip, tongue, and\/or jaw configurations are not perceptibly different, so they map to the same viseme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full vcs-basic__img\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1186\" height=\"514\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/fv-viseme-mapping-e1738539675277.png?resize=1186%2C514&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"f and v phonemes mapped to the f\/v viseme\" class=\"wp-image-10528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/fv-viseme-mapping-e1738539675277.png?w=1186&amp;ssl=1 1186w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/fv-viseme-mapping-e1738539675277.png?resize=300%2C130&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/fv-viseme-mapping-e1738539675277.png?resize=1024%2C444&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/fv-viseme-mapping-e1738539675277.png?resize=768%2C333&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/fv-viseme-mapping-e1738539675277.png?resize=18%2C8&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/melindaozel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/fv-viseme-mapping-e1738539675277.png?resize=1000%2C433&amp;ssl=1 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1186px) 100vw, 1186px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The word is a portmanteau of &#8220;visual&#8221; and &#8220;phoneme,&#8221; coined by <a href=\"https:\/\/niu.academicworks.com\/donors\/cletus-fisher\">Cletus G. Fisher<\/a> in his seminal 1968 paper &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/jshr.1104.796\">Confusions among visually perceived consonants<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;The phrase visual phoneme has been shortened to viseme, and will be used to refer to any individual and contrastive visually perceived unit.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article class=\"wp-block-group vcs-basic\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-how-are-phonemes-mapped-to-visemes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How are phonemes mapped to visemes?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It&#8217;s a murky area in facial animation and research. There is no standardized set of visemes and no standardized method for grouping phonemes, so you will find different mappings everywhere you go.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How you should cluster phonemes depends heavily on your use case. If you want simple speech movements or can&#8217;t represent the tongue, you do not have a strong need to differentiate things like \/t\/ vs. \/k\/. If you want to get as nuanced as possible and can represent key tongue positions, it would behoove you to consider a more complex grouping system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/services\/consulting\/\"><b>Reach out for tailored help with phoneme-to-viseme mapping.<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/article>\n\n\n\n<article class=\"wp-block-group vcs-basic\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 id=\"h-how-is-viseme-pronounced\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How is &#8220;viseme&#8221; pronounced?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fisher did not specify, so there is no formal record. You may hear &#8220;veye-zeem,&#8221; &#8220;vih-zeem,&#8221; &#8220;veye-seem,&#8221; &#8220;vih-seem,&#8221; and others. Personally, I prefer &#8220;veye-zeem,&#8221; but I&#8217;m open to considering arguments against it.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/article>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"deeper\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-section\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"vcs-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\">For structured learning and frameworks<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-course\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"vcs-course__kicker wp-block-paragraph\">Live workshop \u00b7 March 6, 2027<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-lipsync-mechanics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lipsync Mechanics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-course__text wp-block-paragraph\">Reading phonemes, building visemes, and judging lipsync. Learn the mechanical requirements for each sound as well as why and how to build them with FACS-based shapes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button ftf-button-lime\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/all-about-lipsync-course\/\">See the workshop<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-go-deeper-on-speech\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-subhead\">Go deeper on speech<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-refs\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-ref\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__title wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/viseme-speech-guide\/\">Speech Reference Guide<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__text wp-block-paragraph\">Viseme-by-viseme speech breakdowns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__tag wp-block-paragraph\">Vault<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-ref\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__title wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/viseme-variability-gritted-teeth-muted-speech\/\">Articulation Variation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__text wp-block-paragraph\">How visemes change with gritted teeth and muted speech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__tag wp-block-paragraph\">Free<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-ref\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__title wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/m-b-p-bilabial-visemes\/\">Speech &amp; Asymmetry<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__text wp-block-paragraph\">m\/b\/p shape and asymmetry in bilabial visemes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__tag wp-block-paragraph\">Free<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-more-reference-guides\" class=\"wp-block-heading vcs-subhead\">More reference guides<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-refs vcs-refs--3\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-ref\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__title wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/facs-cheat-sheet\/\">FACS Cheat Sheet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__text wp-block-paragraph\">Every action unit with a reference GIF, the muscles involved, and notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__tag wp-block-paragraph\">Free<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-ref\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__title wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/facs-lite-still-fast\/\">FACS Lite: Photos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__text wp-block-paragraph\">A quick FACS reference with photos only.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__tag wp-block-paragraph\">Free<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group vcs-ref\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__title wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/arkit-to-facs-cheat-sheet\/\">ARKit to FACS Cheat Sheet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__text wp-block-paragraph\">How ARKit blendshapes translate to FACS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vcs-ref__tag wp-block-paragraph\">Free<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"cite\" class=\"wp-block-group vcs-section vcs-cite\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to cite this page<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"vcs-citebox\"><p class=\"vcs-citelabel\">APA<\/p><p class=\"vcs-citetext\" id=\"vcs-apa\">Ozel, M. (2022, January). <em>Viseme Cheat Sheet<\/em>. Face the FACS. <a href=\"https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/viseme-cheat-sheet\/\">https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/viseme-cheat-sheet\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"vcs-citelabel\">BibTeX<\/p><pre class=\"vcs-bib\" id=\"vcs-bib\">@misc{ozel2022viseme,\n  author = {Ozel, Melinda},\n  title = {Viseme Cheat Sheet},\n  year = {2022},\n  month = jan,\n  howpublished = {\\url{https:\/\/melindaozel.com\/viseme-cheat-sheet\/}}\n}<\/pre><div class=\"vcs-citebtns\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"vcs-copy\" data-copy-target=\"vcs-apa\">Copy APA<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"vcs-copy\" data-copy-target=\"vcs-bib\">Copy BibTeX<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<script>\n(function () {\n  \/* Written without ampersands or angle brackets so WordPress can't rewrite them. *\/\n  var root = document.querySelector('.ftf-vcs');\n  if (!root) { return; }\n  function all(sel, el) { return Array.prototype.slice.call((el || root).querySelectorAll(sel)); }\n  function press(list, active) {\n    list.forEach(function (b) { b.setAttribute('aria-pressed', b === active ? 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